Surgery

Surgery is the special branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of injury, deformity, and disease by manual and instrumental means. There are many reasons to have surgery. Some operations can relieve or prevent pain. Others can reduce a symptom of a problem or improve some body function. Some surgeries are done to find a problem. For example, a surgeon may do a biopsy, which involves removing a piece of tissue to examine under a microscope. Some surgeries, like heart surgery can save your life.

Surgery can be classified as major or minor, depending on the seriousness of the illness, the parts of the body affected, the complexity of the operation, and the expected recovery time.

Major Surgery: Surgeries of the head, neck, chest, and abdomen. The recovery time can be lengthy and may involve a stay in intensive care or several days in the hospital. There is a higher risk of complications after major surgeries. Types of major surgery may include, removal of brain tumors, correction of bone malformations of the skull and face, repair of congenital heart disease, transplantation of organs, and repair of intestinal malformations.

Minor Surgery: Some surgeries considered minor. The recovery time is short and people return to their usual activities rapidly. These surgeries are most often done as an outpatient. Types of minor surgery include, placement of ear tubes, hernia repairs, correction of bone fractures, removal of skin lesions, etc.

Required Surgery: These are procedures that need to be done to ensure the quality of your future. An example might be having a spinal fusion to correct severe curvature of the spine. Required surgery, unlike emergency surgery, does not necessarily have to be done immediately.

Elective surgery: Surgery that is subject to choice. The choice may be made by the patient. For example, the time when a surgical procedure is performed may be elective. The procedure is beneficial to the patient but does not need be done at a particular time. As opposed to urgent or emergency surgery.

Urgent/Emergency Surgery: This type of surgery is done in response to an urgent medical need, such as the correction of a life-threatening congenital heart malformation or the repair of injured internal organs after an automobile accident.

Skin Treatment (Acne)

The acne pimple is a teenager's most feared skin complaint. As we all know, these unsightly bumps can appear sporadically throughout one's adult years as well. The cause of pimples is unknown. The process by which a pimple develops is highly intricate. Acne is not purely a teenage predicament, 20 to 40% of the adults do encounter problems with acne.

A pimple starts when the pores in the skin become clogged with a type of oil called sebum, which normally lubricates the skin and hair. Acne is common during puberty when hormones go into overdrive, causing the skin to overproduce sebum. Because many oil-producing glands are on the forehead, nose, and chin, this area the T-zone is where a person is most prone to pimples

Here are some tips to help prevent breakouts and clear them up as fast as possible:

Ø Wash your face twice a day (no more) with warm water and a mild soap made for people with acne. Gently massage your face with circular motions.

Ø Avoid touching your face with your fingers or leaning your face on objects that collect sebum and skin residue like your phone. Touching your face can spread the bacteria that cause pores to become inflamed and irritated.

Ø Don’t pop pimples. It's tempting, but here's why you shouldn't: Popping pimples can push infected material further into the skin, leading to more swelling and redness, and even scarring.

Ø If you notice a pimple coming before a big event, like the prom, a dermatologist can often treat it for you with less risk of scarring or infection.

Ø If you get acne on your body, try not to wear tight clothes. They don't allow skin to breathe and may cause irritation. Scarves, headbands, and caps can collect dirt and oil, too. Keep hair clean and out of your face to prevent additional dirt and oil from clogging your pores.

Acne treatments consist of reducing sebum production, removing dead skin cells, and killing bacteria with topical drugs and oral medications. Treatment choice depends upon whether the acne is mild, moderate, or severe. Alternative treatments for acne focus on self care: proper cleansing to keep the skin oil-free; eating a well-balanced diet high in fiber, zinc, and raw foods; and avoiding alcohol, dairy products, tobacco, caffeine, sugar, processed foods, and foods high in iodine, such as salt.

If you're concerned about acne, talk to a dermatologist. Dermatologists offer a range of treatments that help to prevent and clear up acne and acne scars. A dermatologist can help you find the treatment method that's best for you and can also give you lots of useful tips for dealing with acne and caring for your skin type.